Land disposal of hazardous waste is one of the worst issues with regard to environmental
management. Amid the rising wave of industrial, agricultural, and biomedical discoveries, the
challenge of disposing of waste through land has become a widespread menace to soil fertility,
balance in the ecosystem, and health. The present study would look at the various impacts that
hazardous waste has on both the land system and the soil system and would then study in detail
the advanced methods of the treatment of hazardous waste, like the technology of nanotechnology
treatment, electro-treatment, and genetic engineering microbial intervention. We believe that
enduring legacies of hazardous waste can only be tackled by an integrated framework that is a
blend of environmental thinking, coupled with technological inventiveness. The current study
provides a review of the existing knowledge base, introduces the new developments, and provides
a future perspective on land stewardship.

This study presents a comprehensive geochemical analysis of siliciclastic sediments from the Shendam area
in the Middle Benue Trough, Northcentral Nigeria, to elucidate their origin, tectonic setting, and
depositional environment. The sediments, primarily derived from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks,
exhibit significant chemical weathering, indicative of prolonged exposure to warm, humid climatic
conditions. Geochemical indices, including the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of
Alteration (PIA), and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), reveal intense weathering of the source rocks,
with CIA values ranging from 3.64 to 99.41 (avg. 73.20). Provenance analysis, supported by Al₂O₃/TiO₂
ratios and bivariate plots, indicates a mixed source of intermediate and felsic igneous rocks, consistent with
the Younger Granites of the region. The tectonic setting, inferred from major and trace element
geochemistry, aligns with a passive continental margin, reflecting the broader tectonic evolution of the
Benue Trough during the breakup of Gondwana. Paleo-redox conditions, assessed using trace element
ratios (e.g., V/Cr, V/Ni, Sr/Ba), suggest deposition in anoxic to dysoxic environments, predominantly in
freshwater settings with occasional brackish influence. This study underscores the interplay between source
rock composition, weathering intensity, and tectonic activity in shaping the sedimentary record of the
Middle Benue Trough, providing valuable insights into the region’s geological history and depositional
processes.

Cover-Page-PTDJ-Vol-14-No.-2

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Guidelines-for-Authors

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Summary-of-Content

Since the beginning of the 1990s the government of Nigeria has been struggling to enhance its
productivity in oil and gas which is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Its long-stated dual
objectives have been to increase crude oil reserves and daily production rate to 40 billion barrels
and 3 million barrels per day, respectively. An important aspect of its strategy to achieve this
objective is the marginal oil field development programme. However, more than two decades later,
the programme has not produced tangible results, partly as a result of challenges with developing
and setting the country’s marginal oil fields on the path of consistent productivity. This article
examines the challenges in this regard and is proposing the effective deployment of advanced
digital technologie solutions in enhancing the production potentials of the numerous marginal oil
and gas fields located in the Niger Delta region of the country.

This research explores the utilization of carbide slag from welder’s waste as a crucial source of
CaO for the development of a bi-functional heterogeneous catalyst, incorporating welder’s waste
and pig bones, in the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of Rubber seed oil for
biodiesel production. Comprehensive characterization of the catalyst and its precursors assessed
their structural, compositional, morphological, and thermal attributes. Employing a one-step
transesterification method with response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, the bifunctional
catalyst
demonstrated
bi-functionality,
featuring
a
substantial
surface
area
(393
m
2
/g)
and pore volume (0.203 cm
3
/g). This catalyst facilitated a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.6%,
achieved under optimized conditions: a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst loading of 1
wt.%, reaction time of 75 minutes, and a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6:1. The RSM model exhibited
high adequacy (R2 = 0.9577), and the biodiesel produced adhered to established standards. The
synthesized catalyst presents advantages, including reusability, straightforward synthesis,
stability, substantial surface area, and accessibility of precursor materials, positioning it as a
promising alternative to conventional catalysts.

The ever-declining rate of oil production from an oil well has been a problem for the industry and
the broader economy. Despite various mitigation methods, achieving a hundred percent recovery
rate remains elusive. Therefore, this article provides a cost-effective and professional approach to
address this challenge through a comparative analysis of artificial lift methods. Specifically, we
explore the performance of gas lift continuous and Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) in
mitigating the declining productivity of the JK1 well, utilizing PROSPER software for
comprehensive nodal analysis. The application of PROSPER nodal analysis shed more light on
the need for the implementation of sound engineering practices during selection and operation of
suitable artificial lift methods. . The case study, centered on the JK1 well in the Niger Delta,
highlights the importance of accurately updating reservoir properties, standard operating
conditions, and procedures in the software throughout the production life cycle. The findings of
the nodal analysis significantly enhance the output of the JK1 well. Comparative modelling reveals
that gas lift continuous and electrical submersible pump methods yield 12,753.4 barrels and
6,771.8 barrels per day, respectively. In contrast, without artificial lift, the well produces zero
barrels per day according to Darcy’s model. Through a comparative examination of the study’s
data, it is evident that both artificial lift methods improve well output, with gas lift continuous
emerging as the preferred option due to its excellent performance under extreme well conditions.
This study not only provides valuable insights into the selection and operation of artificial lift
methods but also emphasizes the critical role of advanced nodal analysis tools like PROSPER in
optimizing well performance.